迷惑をかける

To cause problems for other people

Smoking is a bad habit causing problems for other people.

How to Exercise to Become a Better Swimmer

Swimming is a low-impact aerobic exercise, which also strengthens important muscle groups like shoulders, back, legs hips, abdominals and glutes. 

How to Swim the Butterfly Stroke

Use the correct arm movement. The arm movement in butterfly stroke can be broken down into three parts: the pull, the push and the recovery.

・Starting with your arms extended above your head (shoulder width apart), pull your hands towards your body in a semicircular motion, palms facing outwards. Remember to keep your elbows higher than your hands. This is the pull.

can be broken down into ...　～に分けることができる

extended  adj)まっすぐ伸びた･ぴんと張った

width   /wɪtθ/　ウｨｯﾂ　n)広さ･巾

shoulder-width apart   肩幅にひらく

semicircular adj)半円の･半円形の

palm　n)手のひら

outward adj)外に向かう

palm facing outward, palm out  手のひらを外側に向けて

腕を横に肩の高さまで上げて

Raise your arms out to the side until they are shoulder height.

肩の下まで

until they are below shoulder height

肩甲骨を内側に寄せる

Squeeze your shoulder blades together.
Retract your shoulder blades.

squeeze　/skwiːz/

v)ぎゅっと圧力をかける･強く押す･果物などの水分を搾る

blade　/bleɪd/

n)刃全体(刃先はedge)、羽根、道具などの薄く平たい部分、オールのブレード、肩甲骨

v)ローラーブレードで滑る

retract　/rɪ'trækt/

v)体の一部を引っ込める･収縮する、飛行機などが車輪を引っ込める、発言を撤回する

事務仕事･デスクワーク

office work/peperwork

do paperwork/office work

desk jobs/ a desk job

a がつかない不可算名詞の work と　a がつく可算名詞の job に注意

I'M STILL NOT SURE I made the right choice when I told my wife about the bakery attack. But then, it might not have been a question of right and wrong. Which is to say that wrong choices can produce right results, and vice versa.

which is to say つまり

vice versa 逆もまた同様

vice

versa

〜以外は考えられない

can’t think of anything but ...

Steppin' Out ♪ 1982

Steppin' out tonight !

遊びに出かける

Joe Jackson is an English musician, singer and songwriter. 

In our lives, with no more angry words to say.

癖になる

It has become a habit to ...

It is becoming a habit to ...

It's become a habit to eat ice cream after the meal. 

Treaty of Paris (1783)

The Treaty of Paris, signed in Paris by representatives of King George Ⅲ of Great Britain and representatives of the United States on September 3, 1783, officially ended the American Revolutionary War and state of conflict between the two countries and acknowledged the Thirteen Colonies, which had been part of colonial British America, as an independent and sovereign nation.

Map of the United States and its territories following the signing of the Treaty of Paris

The treaty set the boundaries between British North America, later called Canada and the United States, on lines the British labeled as "exceedingly generous". Details included fishing rights and restoration of property and prisoners of war.

This treaty and the separate peace treaties between Great Britain and the nations that supported the American cause, including France, Spain, and the Dutch republic, are known collectively as the Peace of Parice. Only Article 1 of the treaty, which acknowledges the United States' existence as free, sovereign, and independent states, remains in force.

treaty   /'triːti/　n)条約･協定･条約文書

conflict   /'kɒnflɪkt/　/'kɑːnflɪkt/　n)争い･闘争

acknowledge　/ək'nɒlɪdʒ/　/ək'nɑːlɪdʒ/　v)しぶしぶ認める･評価する

acknowledged　adj)認められた

colonial　/kə'ləƱniəl/　adj)植民地の　n)植民地人、コロニアル様式住居

independent

sovereign　/'sɒvrɪn/　/'sɑːvrɪn/　n)君主･統治者　adj)主権を有する･独立した

boundaries

exceedingly

generous

fishing rights 

restoration

property

prisoners

cause

collectively

existence

sovereign

American Enlightenment

The American Enlightenment was a period of intellectual and philosophical fervor in the thirteen American colonies in the 18th to 19th century, which led to the American Revolution and the creation of the United States of America.

Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson was one of the most important intellectual leaders of the Enlightenment in the thirteen American colonies.

enlightenment　/ɪn'laɪtnmənt/　n)啓発･教化･悟り

the Enlightenment ；17-18世紀のヨーロッパの啓蒙運動

intellectual　/,ɪntə'ləktʃuəl/　adj)知性の･知的な

philosophical　/,fɪlə'sɒfɪkl/　/,fɪlə'sɑːfɪkl/　adj)哲学に通じた、理性的な･冷静な

fervor　/'fɜːvə(r)/　/'fɜːrvər/　n)熱烈さ･真剣さ･熱情

Thirteen Colonies

The Thirteen Colonies, also known as the Thirteen British Colonies or the American Colonies, were a group of British colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America founded in the 17th and 18th centuries.

The American Enlightenment led these colonies to the American Revolutionary War.

They declared independence as the United States of America in July 1776, which was achieved by 1783 under the Treaty of Paris.

Virginia

Virginia is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the US.

Virginia was one of the original Thirteen Colonies in the American Revolution.

THE WAY IT IS ♪ 1986

That's just the way it is♪
Some things will never change♪

Bruce Hornsby and the Range

Bruce Hornsby is from Virginia.

どうだった？

How did the exam go？

こわれた

broke

My new glasses broke. The lens(es) came off.

came off  　外れた

fix

repair

変身

transform

I will transform into a postman.

音声入力

input

voice/sound/speech input

長い物には巻かれろ

You can't fight city hall.

If you can't beat them, join them.

食料不足

a food shortage

The era/age of the food shortage is coming.

人口

The world is growing population.

The world increase in population.

The world's population is increasing.

Japan is falling population.

Japan decrease in population.

Japan's population is decreasing.

ネバネバ系

Fermented foods are good for your health.

ferment   /fə'ment/　/fər'ment/　n)発酵　v)発酵させる

texture　/'tekstʃə(r)/　/'tekstʃər/　n)出来栄え、触感、歯ごたえ

consistency　/kən'sɪstənsi/　n)物質の硬さ･粘度･密度･濃度、調和、一貫性

sticky   /'stɪki/　adj)ネバネバ(粘着性がある)

stringy　/'strɪŋi/　スﾄﾘﾆｰ　adj)ネバネバ(糸をひく)

stinky   /'stɪŋki/　adj)臭い

slimy  /'slaɪmi/　adj)ネバネバ(ヌルヌル)

gooey　/'guːi/　adj)ネバネバ

Natto, okras and nagaimos all have a gooey consistency.

I like the sticky texture of natto.

頑張って！

My best wishes (for your success ...）

昇給

get a raise

(get a pay raise)

raise　/reɪz/　v)～を上げる･育てる　n)上げること、高まり、昇給、値上がり

praise   /preɪz/　v)ほめる･賞賛する　n)賞賛･賞賛の言葉

deserve　/dɪ'zɜːv/　/dɪ'zɜːrv/　v)人が～に値する

・You deserve a rest after all that hard work.

昇給

君は昇給に値する；You deserve a raise.

給料を上げてほしい；I want a raise.

上司が給料を上げてくれた；My boss gave me a raise.

昇給を狙っている（願っている）；I'm hoping for a raise.

昇給なし

It was no pay raise this year.

Despite my relatively good performance, I didn't get a pay raise.

昇進

promotion

栄転

promotion and transfer

前日

the day before

明日の夕方

tomorrow evening

tomorrow in the evening

in the evening tomorrow

tomorrow at noon   お昼12時は限定的なので"at"を用いる

Office Culture

It affects employee productivity and motivation.

affect　/ə'fəkt/　v)影響を及ぼす

productivity　/,prɒdʌk'tɪvəti/　/,prəƱdʌk'tɪvəti/　n)生産力･生産性･生産量

motivation　/,məƱtɪ'vəɪʃn/　n)自発性･積極性･やる気

It's 〇〇〇〇 to do ....

一般の；common

It's common to ask for help from coworkers.

普通でない；unusual

気が狂ったような；crazy

いらだつ；frustrating

It's frustrating to be late because of train issues.

issue

不健康な；unhealthy

不必要な；unnecessary

It's unnecessary to talk about the same thing over and over.

It's difficult to do many things at the same time.

depressed

You look depressed again.

英語には直訳できない（英語には同じような言葉がない）

The Japanese phrase otukaresama-deshita doesn't have a direct English translation.

英語圏；in English-speaking countries 

[Good Office Culture]

・Does a friendly office culture motivate you?

自然体でいられる；I can be natural/myself.

motivate   /'məƱtɪveɪt/　v)動機を与える

I feel motivated if I can be myself in the office.

・What kind of office culture can help you be productive?

ほめられる；get/be praised

say nice things about

I'm in a good mood because everyone said nice things about me.

commend　/kə'mənd/　v)ほめる、推薦する(recommend)

His book was highly commended.

compliment　/'kɒmplɪmənt/　/'kɑːmplɪmənt/　n)お世辞･賛辞　v)お世辞を言う

get a compliment

praise　/preɪz/　v)ほめる･賞賛する　n)賞賛･賞賛の言葉

get praised； If I get praised, I feel motivated.

We feel motivated after receiving a lot of praise from a boss.

昇給；get a (pay) raise

raise　/reɪz/　v)～を上げる、育てる　n)上げること、高まり、昇給、値上がり

・Do you know any companies that are famous for their good off ice culture?

職場環境；work/working/company's environment

工夫/良くする；think/improve out

I'd like to improve out work environment through helping each other.

互いを尊重する；be equals and respect

We should always be equals and respect each other.

equal　/'iːkｗəl/

respect　/rɪ'spekt/

・Should companies organize activities that improve office culture? 

仲良しが一番⇒いい関係；have a good relationship

築く；build

会社の人たち；people at workplace

Building a good relationship with people at workplace is essential element/ingredient.

essential　adj)必須の

element　n)不可欠な構成要素

ingredient   n)食材、構成要素･要因

運動会を開催；hold/organize the company sport day

飲み会を企画；to plan a (drinking) party

More travelers enjoy glamping, despite high costs

Camping is one of the cheapest ways to travel. A new kind of camping, called glamping, is becoming popular. Glamping combines luxury and nature. The tents are designed with very soft pillows. Some tents even have their own bathrooms with warm running water. The campsite has fast Wi-Fi. However, the combination of hotel comfort and outdoor glamor is more expensive than high-end hotels. It's very different from what traditional campers spend.

According to a survey, US national park visitors spent $351(about \49,000) on hotels per day in 2021. On the other hand, campers just spent $149(more or less \21,000). However, glamping could cost more. For example, glamping at Utah's Zion National Park could cost up to $650(around \90,800) per night. The resort fee gives visitors a tent with beds, bathrooms, hot showers, and stoves. The accommodations also offer visitors fun activities such as live music and yoga classes.

Despite its high cost, glamping's amenities seem to attract noncampers. For instance, an estimated 10.5 million families went glamping in 2022. About 63% of people surveyed said they enjoy the outdoor experience without having to go camping.

Zion National Park in Utah

glamping   /'glæmpɪŋ/　noun   (glamorous + camping)   

glamorous　/'glæmərəs/　also informal; glam  adj)はなやかな･魅力に満ちた

combine　/kəm'baɪn/　v)統合して一体にする　n)連合体

luxury　/'lʌkʃəri/　n)贅沢･豪華さ　adj)贅沢な･豪華な

pillow　/'pɪləƱ/　n)枕･クッション

even have   ～でさえ持っている

running water   n)水道水

ex. Some houses in the city are still without running water.

combination　/,kɒmbɪ'neɪʃn/　/,kɑːmbɪ'neɪʃn/　n)組み合わせること･チームワーク

comfort　/'kʌmfət/　/'kʌmfərt/　n)快適さ　v)楽にする　　　　　　

glamor　/'glæmə(r)/　/'glæmər/　n)うっとりとするような魅力　v)～を魅了する

ex. The retired celebrity misses the glamor of being on television.

high-end   adj)高級な

ex. He bought a high-end car after winning the lottery.

survey　/'sɜːveɪ/　/'sɜːrveɪ/　n)見渡すこと･調査･世論調査

stove　/stəƱv/　n)ストーブ･暖炉、レンジ･コンロ

accommodation     n)宿泊施設

ex. I booked our accommodations for the family trip.

offer　v)サービスを提供する ≠give

amenities・an amenity  n)生活を便利･快適にするもの、娯楽設備

ex. The swimming pool is her favorite amenity in this hotel.

[Camping and Glamping]

・Which would you enjoy more, camping or glamping?

｟自身：as for me｠

古いタイプの人間；old school, old fashioned

I'm old school.

｟何が良い：What is good｠

何もない；There is nothing there/The space is empty

何もしない；not to do anything/There is nothing to do

時には何もない、何もしないのがいい

Sometimes it might be better "There is nothing there" and "no to do anything" at all.

｟理由：the reason why｠

いつもと違うのはかえって新鮮

When something is different from usual/normal, it feels fresh.

｟結論：I feel｠

I feel that it's very different from what young adult do.

・Why do you think a lot of people like glamping despite its high costs?

｟皆｠

自然は好き、でも蚊に刺されたくない、面倒なことはしたくない、金だけはある

They love being in nature/They like the outdoors. 

They don't want to get a mosquito bite.

They don’t want to deal with problems.

They have plenty of money. 

・Do you think a lot of people in your country will enjoy glamping?

｟皆｠

インスタ映え；for instagram

Young adults want to take a perfect shot for instagram.

[Travel and Going on Vacation]

・Do you like traveling?

・In your opinion, how often should a person go on vacation?

・Is it important to consider the cost of one's vacation?

数時間前に

a few hours in advance

当選

You have been selected by the lottery to get a lot of pre-packaged rice. If you want to ger it, let me know ASAP. we can deliver it to you.

I don’t have any favorite shoe brands.

増えてきた

There are a lot more people.

数えられない　例えばsandなど

There is を使う

アイスクリーム

氷アイス

Popsicle   /’pɒpsɪkl/　/'pɑːpsɪkl/　(TM  ｟NAmE｠

★ a piece of ice that tastes of fruit, served on a stick

ice lolly   /'lɒli/　/'lɑːli/   ｟BE｠

★ an ice lolly (=a pice of ice with a sweet taste, served on a stick)

ice pop

カロリーが低い；the calorie is low

A popsicle/An ice lolly is lower in calories than an ice cream.

An ice lolly is lower calories than an ice cream.

公式に

使用されている

〇〇, which is used officially.

住めば都

Home is where you can make it.

To every bird, his own nest is beautiful.

As they say, home is where you can make it, but/except North Korea.

普通/普段の食事

a usual dish/cuisine

毎日食べるような食事；an everyday meal

海の様子

穏やか；calm

静かな；quiet

穏やかで静かな海；the calm and quite sea

海の幸・山の幸

Marine foodstuffs

Mountain based foods/foodstuffs

消費量が多い

consume　/kən'sjuːm/　/kən'suːm/　v)消費する

consumption   /kən'sʌmpʃn/　n)消費･消費量

I consume the most "sports drink" in the world.

わたしは世界で最もスポーツドリンクを消費してるよ

I have the highest consumption of "sports drink" in Japan.

わたしは日本で最もスポーツドリンクの消費量が高い

consumer   n)消費者

ニュースで見たんだけど

I saw/heard on the news that ....

ある日本人が ”flying Fish" で亡くなった

I saw on the news that a Japanese person died in the accident of "flying fish" that is marine sports in Bali. Bail is a resort island in Indonesia. He went there for a family vacation. 

水の乗物事故；water ride accident

海上スポーツ；marine sports

水上スポーツ；water sports

ゴムボート；rubber dinghy/raft/boat

救命ボート；life raft/boat

dinghy   /dɪŋgi/　n)小型ゴムボート

raft　/rɑːft/　/ræft/　n)いかだ･ゴムボート

Bali　/'bɑːli/　/'bæli/　n)バリ

resort　/rɪ'zɔːt/　/rɪ'zɔːrt/　n)人がよく行く行楽地　v)よく行く

事故死

died in an airplane accident

a car accident
a house fire

a terrorist attack

病死；died from cancer/diabetes/Covid-19

diabetes   /,daɪə'biːtiːz/　n)糖尿病

can't help ...ing

どうしても・ついつい～してしまう

（ ≠ always end up ...ing；結局最後には～してしまう)

I can’t help myself cooking/making/eating (dishes/dinner) a lot at once, no matter what I do.

I always end up eating dinner a lot.

一度に多くクック・作って・食べてしまう

no matter what I do；私が何をしようとも問題ない

（何をしようとも・何にせよ・いずれにしても）

How to meal prep for the week?
I'll put it in the fridge and the freezer.

meal prep (meal prepping)

prep = preparations  n)準備

納豆ネバネバ

sticky   /'stɪki/　adj)粘着性がある、ネバネバする

stick-stuck-stuck　verb

突き刺す、突き刺して動かないように止める→接着剤で張り付ける

動けなくさせる→立往生する･行き詰まらせる

・I'm stuck on you  貴方に夢中です

stick   noun   棒・杖

I like how/the way S+V 

I like how S + V　　（副詞節；how S V）

howはどのように　どんなところが好きか

I like how natto is so sticky

納豆のネバネバしたのが好きなんだよね

I like how you dress up.

("how" can also be changed by "the way")

I like the way you look today.

I like how Americans are nice/friendly.

こんなに(this)･あんなに(that)＋形容詞

Q：競技選手の話をしているときに・・

あんなに速く走れないよ！

I can't run that fast!

Q：東京の小さな住宅の話をしているときに・・

I don't want to live in that tiny house.

"ever" と "before"

Hove you ever eaten there? or Have you eaten there before?

Have you gone snorkeling before?

Have you gone swimming 

8 Aug 2023 Tuesday

悪事千里を走る

Bad news travels fast.

洗濯

laundry　/'lɔːndri/

洗濯屋；laundryman

行く・向かう

be off to ...

I'm off to the gym.

I'm off to go jogging now.

Ice Cream

What is your favorite flavor of ice cream?

Chocolate chip cookie dough?

A very popular ice cream product for Japanese people is "Chocolate Monaka".

Majority of Monaka are round-shaped, and with sweet/red bean paste in them.

Anko is often used for Japanese confectionery.

dough　n)パン生地など

confectionery   n)砂糖菓子、菓子屋

 What is it about ramen that makes it craving late at night?

What is it about ramen that makes it so satisfying for you?

the classic flavors

experiment with different toppings and seasonings?

Do you prefer the classic flavors or do you like to experiment with different toppings and seasonings?

experiment   n)実験･試み　v)実験する･試す

topping　/'tɒpɪŋ/　/'tɑːpɪŋ/　

★ a layer of food that you put on top of a dish, cake, etc. to add taste or to make it look nice

・baked vegetables with a cheese topping

・The basic pizza is ￡6 and then each extra topping is 75p.

seasoning　/'siːzənɪŋ/　n)味付け･薬味･スパイス･おもしろ味

★ a substance used to add taste to food, especially salt and pepper

・Stir in the lemon rind and seasoning

stir　/stɜː(r)/　/stɜːr/　v)かき回す

stir in  入れて混ぜる

rind   /raɪnd/　n)外皮(動物･植物･果物･チーズ･ベーコン等)

About healthy eating

 

Do you consider yourself a healthy eater?

What are some of the healthy foods that you enjoy eating?

What are some of Japanese foods that you enjoy eating?

That's impressive.

I admire your dedication.

impressive　adj)見事な･印象的な

admire　v)～を立派だと思う･感心する

dedication   /,dedɪ'keɪʃn/　n)専念･献身

★ the hard work and effort that somebody puts into an activity or a purpose because they think it is important

・dedication to somebody/something   I really admire Gina for her dedication to her family.

安心した

それを聞いて安心した

I'm relieved to hear that.

relieve　/rɪ'liːv/　v)解放する･取り除く･安堵させる･救済する

relief　/rɪ'liːf/　n)解放･緩和･安堵

心配してくれてありがとう

Thank you for your concern.

flight

帰国便･復路便：my return flight

Am I on the right track?

on the right/wrong track

正しい道/誤った道

I'm not sure. Am I on the right track?

ここまで間違ってない？

I'm on the right track.

順調にいっている/正しい道を歩んでいる

get the hang of it

コツをつかむ・慣れる

You'll get the hang of it.

そのうち慣れますよ

I'll getting the hang of it.

コツをつかんできた

Have you got the hang of it?

コツをつかみましたか？

It takes a while to get the hang of it.

コツをつかむのに時間がかかる

Are we on the same page/wavelength?

共通の認識を持っている？

wavelength　/'weɪvleŋkθ/

Are you comfortable with that?

それでよろしいですか？

How is the painting coming along?

～の進み具合はどうですか？　進捗状況を尋ねる

・How is the report/project coming along?

「うまく進んでいる？」又は「まだできないの？」の意の場合もある

It's best to start with light colors first.

まず最初に～から始めるのがベストです

I entered my account number here. Is that correct?

わたしのアカウントナンバーを入力しました。これで正しいですか？

I tried a new hairstyle. What do you think?

新しいヘアスタイルを試してみました。どう思う？

I feel like there has been a misunderstanding.

誤解があったように思います。

Our plan requires an increased budget.

予算の増額を必要とする

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　7 Aug 2023 Monday

have since PP

その後〜して(現在に至る)

水泳上達

At first, I/you didn't swim well but I/you've since gotten used to it.

仕事好き

At first, I hated my job but I've since gotten used to it.

I was a little bit chubby but I've lost weight since I started running. 

Phoenix officals ask judge for more time in clearing downtown camp of homeless people

Phoenix city officials said they have been slowly and steady clearing hundreds of people from a downtown encampment of homeless people called "The Zone," and they asked a judge for more time to clear out the remaining hundreds still living there.

About a year ago, as many as 1,000 people lived in the tent city that exploded in size during the COVID-19 pandemic. City officials say up to 300 people have since left the site under efforts launched in late 2022 to get them into shelters, or into temporary or permanent housing. Area shelters are typically full.

Representing Phoenix, attorney Justin Pierce told Judge Scott Blaney that much progress has been made since March, when the court ordered Phoenix to lessen the public nuisance the encampment created. Deputy City Manager Gina Montes testified that Phoenix has now identified a property for a structured camping site with bathrooms and showers for those without housing, which it hopes to open by summer's end. 

Attorneys for area business owners and residents said the city is taking too long and is not doing enough. Blaney said he would issue a decision within 60 days and asked both sides to file their findings and conclusions with the court on Aug. 11. This civil suit is one of two facing phoenix.

Like several other major cities, Phoenix has been challenged to balance the concerns of businesses and homeowners with the rights of homeless people. The U.S. 9th Circuit court of Appeals ruled in 2019 that homeless people cannot be criminalized for sleeping outside if no alternatives exist.

The American Civil Liberties Union of Arizona argued in a federal lawsuit that the city is violating the constitutional rights of unhoused people by slowly clearing the area. However, U.S. District Court Judge G. Murray Snow declined the ACLU's request in May to declare Phoenix in contempt of a ruling he issued in December and said he would not bar the city from further cleanups at the encampment site pending another hearing.

ask for more time   もっと時間をくれるように頼む

judge　n)裁判官･審査員

clear out   v)

★ to empty or tidy a place by removing things, sometimes people, that shouldn't be there

・Due to the approaching typhoon, authorities had to clear out the people living in flood-prone areas.

prone  adj)うつ伏せになった、複合語）｟好ましくない｠～しがちな･傾向がある

encampment　n)テントに住む行為

explode   /ɪk'spləƱd/　v)爆発する、事態が爆発的に増大する

★ to increase quickly or rapidly

・Prices of goods have exploded after the pandemic.

in size   大きさ･規模

up to ...   ～まで

attorney　n)代理人･弁護士

lessen　v)小さくなる、少なくなる、減る

nuisance　n)不愉快な人･やっかい者

testify　v)証言･宣言する

identify　v)確認･見分ける

property　n)財産

structured　adj)組織化された

file

findings

conclusion   n)結末･結論

suit　n)スーツ、訴訟

criminalize　/'krɪmɪnəlaɪz/    v)人を有罪とする

★ to officially declare that someone's action or behavior is illegal

・The government recently criminalized drinking alcohol in public places.

alternatives

federal   adj)連邦の･米国連邦の

lawsuit   n)訴訟･告訴

violate   v)法律指示などに違反する、妨害する

constitutional　adj)本質的な、健康に良い、憲法上の、合憲の

unhoused　/ʌn'hoƱzd/

★ having no house to live in

・There's an organization that builds houses for unhoused families.

declined

declare

contempt

ruling   n)決定･裁定･判定

bar　n)バー、カウンター、棒状のもの　v)横木で妨げる、締め出す、阻止する

further

pending　前)～まで(until)、～じゅう(during)  adj)未決定の

ジムおたく

gym freak

freak   /friːk/　n)マニア･フリーク･熱狂的ファン

★ a person with a very strong interest in a particular subject

・ a health/fitness freak

・ a jazz freak

Would it be all right ...?

Would it be alright if ..

Would it be all right for me 

そもそも

in the first place

宝物にします

I will always treasure this.

treasure　/'treʒə(r)/　/'treʒər/　n)宝･大切な物　v)～を大切に保存する

身体の調子を取り戻す

get back in shape

The US has tons of excess food. Upcycling turns would-be trash into ice cream

Tyler Malek is the head ice cream maker at a restaurant named Salt & Straw Ice Cream in Portland, Oregon. In this ice cream shop, one chef's trash is another chef's cold treat. The shop uses different leftover ingredients to create different flavors. For example, leftover whey turns into lemon curd ice cream. And for the chocolate barley milk flavor, Malek uses leftover rice and grains to give it a mild, creamy flavor. Malek hopes that people will stop calling leftover ingredients "food waste" and call them "wasted food" instead.

Salt & Straw Ice Cream is one of the pioneers of the upcycling concept, which involves turning food waste into high-quality items. Chips and cake mixes made from upcycled food are becoming popular in stores. The ingredients include completely edible fruits and vegetables from farms. But they are often rejected by restaurants and supermarkets because of their appearance.

Chocolate Barley

The Upcycled Food Association awards an official "Upcycling Certified" seal to qualified products. These seals inform customers that the company producing the meal used upcycled ingredients. In 2021, the association verified about 30 products. Currently, 450 products are carrying the seal.

Chocolate Barley Milk

Lemon Curd Ice Cream

excess　/ɪk'ses/　n)過剰･超過

upcycle　/’ʌpsaɪkl/　v)元のものよりも価値を高めてリサイクルする

straw　/strɔː/　n)わら、ストロー

treat　/triːt/　v)扱う･対処する　n)喜び･楽しみ･、おごり、ご馳走

ingredient   /ɪn'griːdiənt/　n)料理の材料

flavor　/'fleɪvə(r)/　/'fleɪvər/　n)味･風味

whey   /weɪ/　n)ホエイ･チーズ製造時に分離される水溶液

curd　/kɜːd/　/kɜːrd/　n)カード･牛乳が凝固したもの

カードは凝固したという意味。果汁･バター･卵と砂糖を混ぜてクリーム状にした、フルーツバターのようなもの

Lemon Curd

barley　/'bɑːli/　/'bɑːrli/　n)大麦

grain　/greɪn/　n)穀物(小麦･ﾄｳﾓﾛｺｼ･コメ等)

creamy　/'kriːmi/　adj)クリーム状の･なめらかな

concept　/'kɒnsept/　/'kɑːnsept/　n)コンセプト･考え･概念

involve   /ɪn'vɒlv/　/ɪn'vɑːlv/　v)深く関りを持つ

item　/'aɪtəm/　n)商品の品目、出し物

edible   /'edəbl/　adj)まだ食べられる･食べることができる

award　/ə'wɔːd/　/ə'wɔːrd/　v)賞を授与する　n)賞

certify　/'sɜːtɪfaɪ/　/'sɜːrtɪfaɪ/　v)証明･保証･認定する、免許を与える

Vaccination certificate.  Certificate証明書

Certification 認証

Certified adj)公認の

a seal　/siːl/　n)保証の印、印章

qualify   /'kwɒlɪfaɪ/　/'kwɑːlɪfaɪ/　v)資格を与える

association   n)共同･連携、会･組合･協会、関連･つながり

verify　/'verɪfaɪ/　v)妥当性を確認する)認証･証明する

food waste  生ごみ

poisonous   /'pɔɪzənəs/

[Upcycled Food]

・Salt & Straw Ice Cream uses different leftover ingredients for its ice cream products. Would you like to try them?

受け入れる･納得できる；acceptable

怖いもの見たさ；see scary things, rubbernecking

rubbernecking；首を伸ばしてむやみに見る人･物見高い人

rubberneck   /'rʌbənek/　/'rʌbərnek/　v)振り返って見る

I guess the reason I like horror movies is to see scary things.

I went to a town at night that was rubbernecked by rumors of something scary.

野次馬渋滞；rubbernecking delay

rubbernecking car accidents

社会問題；social issue/problem

食品を捨てる事；food waste, reduce food waste, zero food waste

Food waste is a social issue around the world.

理にかなっている；make sense

材料/食べ物をアップサイクルすること；upcycle ingredient/food

Upcycling ingredients/food really make sense.

・Do you think restaurant owners in your country would be willing to serve upcycled food?

関心をあつめる；gather attention

Upcycling foods gather attention from restaurant owners.

人口増加；　The population is increasing worldwide.

食料不足；   a food shortage

～の時代；　The era/age of the food shortage is coming.

climate change

食料不足の時代がやってくる

・Do you think people in your country would like to eat at a restaurant that serves upcycled food?

保守的、言い換えるなら時代遅れ；

Japanese are conservative.

In other ward, old-fashioned/outdated. 

好まない・望まない；unwilling

We Japanese people are unwilling to change their thoughts.

[Leftover and Wasted Food]

・What do you usually do with your leftover food?

It's my task to eat.

・In your country, is it okay to leave food on your plate after eating?

・In your opinion, is there a lot of wasted food in your home? What about in your community?

They(serving upcycled-food) give the image of the restaurant as good or not.

Time Management

助けを求める；ask for help

仕事を終える；finish your tasks

生産性を上げる；be more productive

物の優先順位をつける；prioritize [thing]

集中する；concentrate

効率を良くする；be more efficient

recession　n)不況（depressionほどではない）

submit   v)服従させる、書類などを提出する

strategy　n)戦略、計画

TIME MANAGEMENT

①What tasks take up most of your time?

おさめ方（作り方）を伝える⇒物をよりきれいに見せる；I tell construction workers to make things look nicer.

②What tasks do you usually do first?

発注；place an order

place   /pleɪs/　n)場所　v)置く･ある状況に置く･注文を出す

資材の発注；place an order for some materials

(建設)職人；skilled laborer, construction workers

labor　/'leɪbə(r)/　/'leɪbər/　n)労働者･労働

laborer　/'leɪbərə(r)/　/'leɪbərər/   n)肉体労働者

職人の手配；to arrange for skilled laborers

arrange　/ə'reɪndʒ/　v)配置･手配する

③How do you make time for your other tasks？

すき間時間の活用；make good use of spare moment

④Do you think you can manage your time if you do two or more tasks at the same time?

効率よく働く；work efficiently

協力して働く；work together on the task

I feel that working together with the people around you is the secret to achieving great success.

WORK STYLE

①Do you like to work alone or with a team?

自己中心的；self-centered

Everyone is so self-centered and it's so annoying.

annoying　adj)人を悩ます、いらいらさせる

annoy　v)人を悩ます、いらいらさせる

②At work, are you a leader or a follower?

③What time of the day are you most productive?

productive adj)生産力のある･実り多い

④What part of the day are you least productive?

ASKING FOR AND GIVING HELP

①Do you ask others for help?

②What kind of help do you usually ask from other people?

③Do you like it when people ask you for help?

④What kind of help do you usually give to others?

Work-Life Balance

Working in a constantly as an English teacher, how do you achieve work-life balance?

働きすぎ；work too much

いいえと断る；say no

仕事の電話に張り付く；be glued to your work phone

仕事を職場に残す；leave work at work

楽しい時間をもつ；make time for fun

社交的な生活を送る；have a social life

充実感を得る；gain satisfaction

glue　/gluː/　n)接着剤･のり v)～に接着剤を塗る、受身)～について離さない

correction　/kə'rekʃn/　n)校正･修正･訂正

italicize   /ɪ'tælɪsaɪz/　v)イタリック体を使用する

clause   n)節

stative   n)状態動詞

WORK-LIFE BALANCE

①Do you know someone who doesn't have a good work-life balance?

世の中は変わりつつある；The world is constantly changing.

時代は変わった；The times have changed.

終身雇用；lifetime employment

当たり前；common

転職；transferring jobs

欧米；Western countries

②What happens to people who don't have a good work-life balance?

最悪の場合；In the worst case, worst case scenario

自殺；commit suicide, kill myself

過労自殺；suicide from overwork, overwork suicide

過労死；death from/by overwork

People who commit suicide due to mental stress are called "karoujisatsu”.

Overwork and heavy stress from the workplace should be strictly observed by the labor ministry.

電車に飛び込み自殺；commiting suicide on the train

飛び込み；throwing themselves

commit　/kə'mɪt/　v)身をゆだねる

suicide　/'suːɪsaɪd/　n)自殺

scenario　/sə'nɑːriəƱ/　/sə'næriəƱ/　n)シナリオ

③Is work-life balance important in Japan?

優先する；prioritize

We used to prioritize work over family.

人材を確保；keep/retain employees

retain　/rɪ'teɪn/　v)持ち続ける･維持する

④What can companies do to improve their employees' work-life balance?

flexible work hours, work from home

労働力不足；labor shortage

FAMILY VS WORK

①How much time should people spend at work?

(=How long)

8 hours of sleep, 8-hour work day, 8 hours free time a day

②How much time should people spend with their families?

Having a meal together is essential way.

③Is it easy for you to leave work early for family events?

④Are you willing to quite your job for your family?

SOCIAL LIFE

①Is your social life important?

すき間時間；spare time/moment

活用する；make good use of

I try to make good use of spare moment.

②Do you prefer to have a lot of casual friends or a few close friends?

③When do you usually go out with friends?

④What can you do to improve your social life?