シリコン・フェン

Silicon Fen also known as the Cambridge Cluster, is the name given to the region around Cambridge, England, which is home to a large number of high tech businesses focused on software, electronics, and biotechnology, including Arm and AstraZeneca.

The name Silicon Fen originated as an analogy with Silicon Valley in California because it lies at the southern tip of the England Fenland. The local growth in technology companies started with Sinclair Research and Acorn Computers.

fen　/fen/　n)沼地・湿地帯

cluster　/'klʌstər/　n)集団・連続的な出来事

originate　/ə'rɪdʒɪneɪt/　v)～から起源を発する

analogy   /ə'nælədʒi/　n)～との共通･類似点 《an analogy with ...》

冤罪

false accusation

Serious accusations have been made against her, but it was revealed it was just a false accusation.

false   /fɔːls/　adj)本物/真実/正確ではない・偽の/誤った/不当な

accusation   /,ækju'zeɪʃn/　a)告発・告訴

Serious accusations have been made against postmasters in UK nationwide.

But it was revealed it was just a false accusation.

The cause of that is the computer system problem.

That was built by a Japanese company, Fujitsu.

Post Office scandal

What is the Post Office scandal?

More than 900 sub-postmasters and postmistresses were prosecuted for stealing money because of incorrect information provided by a computer system called Horizon.

prosecute   /'prɑːsɪkjuːt/　v)推し進める、起訴する《for》

scandal　/'skændl/　n)不祥事･疑惑

postmaster

postmistress

incorrect

English Etiquette ～A history of English etiquette and good manners

Whilst the English penchant for manners and socially appropriate behavior is renowned across the world, the word etiquette to which we so often refer actually originates from the French estiquette -"to attach or stick". Indeed the modern understanding of the word can be linked to the Court of the French King Louis XIV, who used small placards called etiquettes, as a reminder to courtiers of accepted 'house rules' such as not walking through certain areas of the palace gardens.

Every culture across the ages has been defined by the concept of etiquette and accepted social interaction. However, it is the British - and the English in particular - who have historically been known to place a great deal of importance in good manners. Whether it be in relation to speech, timeliness, body language or dining, politeness is key.

British etiquette dictates courteousness at all times, which means forming an orderly queue in a shop or for public transport, saying excuse me when someone is blocking your way and saying please and thank you for any service you have received is de rigueur.

The British reputation for being reserved is not without merit. Overfamiliarity of personal space or behavior is a big no-no! When meeting someone for the first time a handshake is always preferable to a hug and a kiss on the cheek is reserved for close friends only. Asking personal questions about salary, relationship status, weight or age (particularly in the case of more 'mature' ladies) is also frowned upon.

Traditionally, one of the best examples of the British etiquette is the importance placed on punctually. It is considered rude to arrive late to a business meeting, medical appointment or formal social occasion such as a wedding. As such it is advisable to arrive 5-10 minutes early to appear professional, prepared and unflustered as a mark of respect to your host. Conversely, should you arrive too early to a dinner party this could also appear slightly rude and ruin the atmosphere for the evening if the host is still completing their preparations. For the same reason an unannounced house call is often frowned upon for risk of inconveniencing the home owner.

Should you be invited to a British dinner party it is customary for a dinner guest to bring a gift for the host or hostess, such as a bottle of wine, a bouquet of flowers or chocolates. Good table manners are essential (particularly if you want to be invited back!) and unless you are attending a barbeque or an informal buffet it is frowned upon to use fingers rather than cutlery to eat. The cutlery should also be held correctly, i.e. the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left hand with the prongs pointing downwards and the food pushed onto the back of the fork with the knife rather than 'scooped'. At a formal dinner party when there are numerous utensils at your place setting it is customary to begin with the utensils on the outside and work your way inward with each course.

As the guest it is polite to wait until everyone at the table has been served and your host starts eating or indicated that you should do so. Once the meal has begun it is impolite to reach over someone else's plate for an item such as seasoning or a food platter; it is more considerate to ask for the item to be passed to you. Leaning your elbows on the table whilst you are eating is also considered rude.

Slurping or making other such loud noises whilst eating is completely frowned upon. As with yawning or coughing it is also considered very rude to chew open-mouthed or talk when there is still food in your mouth. These actions imply that a person was not brought up to adhere to good manners, a criticism against not only the offender but their family too!

Social classes

Rules of etiquette are usually unwritten and passed down from generation to generation, although in days gone by it was common for young ladies to attend a finishing school to ensure their manners were up to scratch. An attribute which was felt particularly crucial in securing a suitable husband!

Whilst today good manners and etiquette are seen as a sign of respect, particularly to those more senior (in either age or position), in Victorian England when the class system was alive and well, etiquette was often used as a social weapon in the interests of social advancement or exclusion.

The evolution of etiquette

More recently, a rise in multiculturalism, a changing economy and the introduction of social and gender specific equality laws have all played a part in Britain moving away form its rigid class system of old and therefore a more informal attitude to social etiquette has arisen. However, today - like the rest of the world - Britain has been influenced by the importance of corporate etiquette, with a shift in focus from the social or household setting to an emphasis on business etiquette and protocol, With the whole concept of etiquette being dependent on culture, for a business to succeed internationally it is important to be aware that what is considered good manners in one society may be rude to another. For instance the "okay" gesture - made by connecting the thumb and forefinger in a circle and holding the other fingers straight, is recognized in Britain and North America as a signal to question or confirm that a person is well or safe. However in parts of southern Europe and South America this is an offensive gesture.

Thus the etiquette of business has become a set of written and unwritten rules of conduct that make social interactions run more smoothly, whether during interaction with a co-worker or contact with external or international colleages.

Indeed, the rise in online business and social media sites has even seen the creation of a worldwide 'online society', necessitating its own rules of conduct, commonly referred to as Netiquette, or network etiquette. These rules regarding the protocol for such communications as email, forums and blogs are constantly being redefined as the internet continues to evolve. So whilst the traditionally accepted behaviors of old may not have the influence they once did, it could be argued that etiquette is as crucial in today's far-reaching society as it has ever been.

whilst   /waɪlst/　conjunction　＝while ～なのに対して･～だけれども

penchant   /'pentʃənt/　n)強い好み･傾向 [仏語]

appropriate　/ə'prəƱpriət/　adj)適した･ふさわしい･適切な

renowned　/rɪ'naƱnd/　adj)有名な･名高い･名声のある

refer to 　～に関心･注意を向ける

originate　/ə'rɪdʒɪneɪt/　v)～から生じる･起こる

Snowdonia/Eryri

Snowdonia   /snəƱ'dəƱniə/

Eryri   /ɛrəri/　ｴレﾘ

Eryri is Wales' largest National Park.

Home to over 26,000 people.

Eryri's landscape is steeped with culture, history, and heritage, where the Welsh language is part of the day-to-day fabric of the area.

Eryri has a beautifully diverse range of walks.

steep

heritage

is part of  　　～の一部です

day-to-day adj)毎日の･日常的な

fabric　/'fæbrɪk/　n)布、社会の仕組み･組織

★ material made by weaving wool, cotton, silk, etc., used for making clothes, curtains, etc. and for covering furniture

・They sell a wide variety of printed cotton fabric.

・furnishing fabrics

weave   /wiːv/　v)編んで作る　weave-wove-woven

furnish　/'fɜːnɪʃ/　/'fɜːrnɪʃ/　v)家具などを備え付ける、供給する

★ the fabric of something   the basic structure of a society, an organization, etc. that enables it to function successfully

・a trend which threatens the very fabric of society

enable　/ɪ'neɪbl/　v)人にできるようにする、可能にする

threaten　/'θretn/　v)脅迫する、おびやかす

diverse

range

Whitby

Whitby is a seaside town, port and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England.

Whitby

The Captain Cook (James Cook)

See the Whitby coastline from a replica of the Endeavour

Whitby has quite a close association with Captain James Cook, the famous British explorer. The man himself was born in the village of Marton, about 30 miles away, but he served his naval apprenticeship in Whitby and his ship, HMS Endeavour, was built here, too.

Captain James Cook

This association is celebrated with a memorial statue near the Whalebone Arch, a museum in the house where he served, and a scaled-down replica of the ship. Slightly less than half the size of the original and powered by a motor instead of the wind, the ship sails every day from Fish Quay in Whitby Harbour, heading along the coast to Sandsend and Back.

Whitby Abbey

Explore goth mecca 

There's been an abbey on this stunning headland since about 657AD, but the ruined remains that stand here now were constructed in the 13th century. They have that distinctive gothic look, which helped to inspire Bram Stoker and, with his help, has made Whitby the Goth capital of the UK.

Whitby Abby

Despite having been damaged by centuries of storms since its closure by Henry Ⅷ in 1540 and even by the German Navy during the First World War, the general shape of the abbey is still clear. Two tall walls remain standing, in dramatic defiance of everything that's been thrown at them.

Dracula Experience

Come for the literature, stay for the ghosts

Most of modern vampire lore is based in Bram Stoker's famous novel, Dracula. A lot of that novel is set in Whitby, among the historical streets and around the famous landmarks. The Dracula Experience is a cross between a haunted house ride and a literary adventure, bringing 8 scenes from the book to life with live actors and special effects.

Bram Stoker's Novel

The building which houses this experience has its own dramatic history. You can return after dark on the first Saturday of each month for a guided ghost hunt, when any weird lights and strange sounds you encounter will definitely not be special effects!

North Yorkshire Moors National Park

The hinterland of Whiby is dominated by a vast area if high moorland － an unforgettable sea of purple heather in summer. It is the largest continuous tract of heather moorland in England and an internationally important wild-life habitat.

North Yorkshire Moors

This is the northern half of the North York Moors National Park － one of the finest landscapes in the country. These high moors are divided and separated by a series of intimate and scenic dales which, in this northern area, join the main valley of the River Esk as it flows to the North Sea.

parish   /'pærɪʃ/　/'pærɪʃ/　n)小教区　　civil parish 英)行政区

coastline

replica

the Endeavour　/ɪn'devə(r)/　/ɪn'devər/　n)エンデバー号

endeavor  v)必死に努力する　n)努力

explore　ｲｸｽプﾛｱｰ　/ɪk'splɔː(r)/　/ɪk'splɔː(r)/　v)探検する･探求する

explorer　ｲｸｽプﾛｰﾗｰ /ɪk'splɔːrə(r)/　/ɪk'splɔːrər/　n)探検家

served

naval

apprenticeship

association

celebrate

memorial

statue

Explore

goth

stunning

headland

distinctive

gothic

closure

general shape

dramatic

defiance

literature

ghost

vampire

lore

haunted 

encounter

definitely

hinterland

dominated

vast

moorland

heather

continuous

tract

intimate

Katsu arrives on menu to curry favour

Beloved Japanese comfort food, with fascinating history, available in three varieties

The Japanese curry dish katsu, one of Japan's (and now the world's) most-beloved comfort foods, is arriving at Wetherspoon (2 November). 

Pubs will be serving this brand-new curry dish on the main menu, in three varieties, and as part of Thursday's Curry Club.

The new Katsu curries, served with curry sauce, coconut-flavour rice, sliced chillies and coriander, also include a soft or alcoholic drink as part of the price.

Escalope

Choose from NEW katsu chicken curry (with sliced breaded chicken escalope), NEW katsu grilled chicken curry (with sliced grilled chicken breast) and NEW katsu Quorn nugget curry, served with eight coated pieces.

Across Japan, curry is a hugely popular option at mealtimes and could possibly be considered a nation dish. However, the origins of the dish are unsurprisingly not from Japan. It was, in fact, during the Meiji Restoration (1868-89) that curry was originally brought to Japan by the British from India. 

Powder

Japan's number-one English magazine, Metropolis, reveals: "Legend has it that a party of British sailors, shipwrecked off the Japanese coast, was rescued. They came ashore with their rations, which included curry powder.

"The Japanese navy, at that time. was in search of a way to feed its sailors and needed a cheap, filling option which could be cooked and served with ease. And so, the first Japanese curry recipe was born. "The most popular version of the Japanese curry in Japan, and now internationally, is the katsu curry, 'katsu' being a shortened from of 'katsuretsu' ー meaning 'cutlet'.

Combination

It is the perfect combination of deep-fried breaded chicken escalope (or sometimes served with pork loin), accompanied by white rice and a thick sweet and spicy curry sauce.

Originating in India, brought to Japan by the British, then exported by Japan back to Britain (and the world), katsu curry is soon to be served at your local Weherspoon.

favour/favor  /'feɪvə(r)/　/'feɪvər/　n)好意
beloved  /bɪ'lʌvɪd/  ﾋﾞ ラｳﾞｨｯﾄﾞ adj)最愛の･いとしい

comfort　/'kʌmfət/ /'kʌmfərt/  n) 安心感･満足     v)楽にする･ほっとさせる

fascinate　/'fæsɪneɪt/　v)心を引きつける･魅惑する

brand　/brænd/   n)焼き印･ブランド　v)焼き印を押す･ブランド名をつける

alcoholic  /,ælkə'hɒlɪk/　/,ælkə'hαːlɪk/　adj)アルコールの　n)アルコール依存症

breaded  /bred/   adj)パン粉をまぶした   breaded pork cutlet

escalope   /e'skæləp/　/ɪ'skæləp/    n)薄肉を用いた料理

breast　/brest/　n)胸

nugget　/'nʌgɪt/　n)かたまり･小さく丸いかたまりになった食べ物

coated　/kəƱt/　adj)上着を着た、表面を覆った

across   /ə'krɒs/　/ə'krɔːs/　前)横切って　     across Japan 日本中で

mealtime   /'miːltaɪm/　 n)食事時間

possibly　/'pɒsəbli/　/'pαːsəbli/　adv)たぶん...だろう

shipwreck  /'ʃɪprek/　v)難破させる　n)難破船

ashore　/ə'ʃɔː(r)/　/ə'ʃɔːr/　adv)海湖川から岸へ

ration　/'ræʃn/　n)配給･1日分の食料

fill　/fɪl/   v)中身を満たす

shorten  /'ʃɔːtn/　/'ʃɔːrtn/    v)短くする

combination  /,kɒmbɪ'neɪʃn/　/,kαːmbɪ'neɪʃn/　n)合同、結合、チームワーク

loin　/lɔɪn/　n)腰肉

accompany　/ə'kʌmpəni/　v)同行する、伴う、添える　

originate　/ə'rɪdʒɪneɪt/　v)起こる、起源を発する

navy /'neɪvi/　n)海軍

sailor  /'seɪlə(r)/　/'seɪlə(r)/    n)水兵･船員

restoration　/,restə'reɪʃn/    n)修復･復権･取り返すこと･復活

Britain　/'brɪtn/　ブﾘ ﾄｩﾝ　n)大ブリテン島、GB

recipe /'resəpi/　n)レシピ･調理法

Japanese curry was brought by the British from India. Late 19th century, British sailors shipwrecked off the Japanese coast. They were rescued by Japanese. They came ashore with their rations, which included curry powder. Japanese navy fed them cooked and served with ease. And so, the first Japanese curry recipe was born.

ベン・ネビス山

Ben Nevis; ”The Ben”

Ben Nevis requires little introduction. With a wild heart, an adventurous spirit and a flair for drama, the legendary peak towers above glistening lochans and deep glacial valleys. In Scotland, you can't get any higher than this.

EXPERIENCING BEN NEVIS

Scotland's landscape is scattered with Munros and mist-shrouded hills...

Ben Nevis is the king of them all. In the north west Highlands, near the town of Fort William and part of the Grampian Mountain range, the famous peak attracts 125k walkers a year. Whether you're an avid ambler or you just love beautiful landscapes, bagging 'the Ben' is likely to feature near the top of your Scottish bucket list.

flair　/freə(r)/　/fler/　n)直感･勘･傾向

★ flair for something

a natural ability to do something well

little 　adj)少ない

a wild heart  激しい情熱

legendary

glisten

lochan

glacial

valley

ブルターニュ

Brittany  /'britəni/  (Little Britain)

★ a area of northwest France with a long coast, between the Bay of Biscay and the English Channel. It is a popular place for British people to go on holiday.

Brittany close to Cornwall

ケルト系

Celtic /'keltɪk/  adj)ケルト系の

Scotでは /'selt-/   

 

★ connected with the Celts or their language

Celt  /kelt/  n)ケルト族、ケルト人

★ a member of a people from western Europe who settled in ancient Britain before the Romans came

★ a person whose ancestors were Celts, especially one from Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Cornwall or Brittany

a people  国民（一つの国民）

peopls     国民（二つ以上の国の国民）

Celt Warriors

Pasty

Cornish Pasties

Cornish Pasties

Cornwall   n)コンウォール州（イングランド南西部）

South West England

Cornish　  コンウォール地方の

Cornish pasty コーニッシュパイ･ひき肉野菜入りパイ

Cornwall

中世

the middle ages

Most cities were built in the middle ages.

Scottish Cuisine

Haggis　ハｹﾞｽ

アンソニー・ホプキンス

Anthony Hopkins

The Silence of the Lambs

silence サｲﾚﾝｽ  n)静けさ、沈黙

lamb ラ-ﾑｩ n)子羊

Compliment

If it wasn’t for the English rock stars/artists, I wouldn't be interested to study English at all.

Destinations

London is a place on my bucket list.

GBP (Great Britain Pound)

British pound is always stronger compared to Japanese yen.

They say the cost of living in London is high.

I can't even afford to eat roast beef or fish-and-chips at a restaurant.

Tokyo

What brings you out here in Tokyo?

Are you enjoying Tokyo so far?

quid

sterling

Mosquito Bite

I hear that there is no mosquito in England.

mosquito-free environment  蚊のいない環境

蚊に刺された

I got a mosquito bite.

Mosquitoes become inactive above 35 degrees Celsius.

Mosquitoes become dormant above 95 degrees Fahrenheit.

ボーっとしてると蚊に刺される

I got so many mosquito bites while I was spacing out in the garden.

bite バｲﾄｩ  v)かむ

inactive  ｲﾝア(ナ)ｸﾃｨｳﾞ adj)活動していない、不活発な、休止中の

dormant ドｧ ﾏﾝﾄ　adj)眠っているような、不活発な

above　ｱ バ ｳﾞ　前)～より上に

degree　ﾃﾞｨ ｸﾞリｰ　n)程度、級、度、学位

Celsius　セﾙ ｼｴｽ  n)ｾﾙｼｴｽ、摂氏

Fahrenheit　フｧ-ﾚﾝ ﾊｲﾄ  n)ﾌｧｰﾚﾝﾊｲﾄ、華氏

space ｽペｲｽ  n)空間、あいだ、宇宙　v)間隔をあける

space out  ボーっとする

zone ゾ- ｩﾝ　n)地域　v)地帯に分ける

zone out　ボーっとする

ENGLAND

Manchester マﾝ ﾁｪｽﾀｰ n)ｲﾝｸﾞﾗﾝﾄﾞ北部の商工業都市

★a large city in north-west England.

Liverpool  リｳﾞｧ ﾌﾟｰﾙ

★a large city and port in north-west England

Birmingham バ-ｧﾐﾝｸﾞ ｶﾞﾑ  n)ｲﾝｸﾞﾗﾝﾄﾞ中部の工業都市

★an industrial city in the West Midlands of England.

London ロﾝﾄﾞﾝ

★the capital city of England and the UK

industrial

midland

Sunday Roast

roast beef and mashed potatoes

roast ロｳｽﾄ  v)肉などをあぶる n)あぶった肉  adj)あぶられた

mash マｧ ｼｭ  n)すりつぶしてどろどろのもの  v)～をつぶす･どろどろにする

Sunday roast is a traditional meal of British and Irish.

It's traditionally consumed on Sunday.

consume ｺﾝス-ﾑ v)消費する、飲食する

You miss real/authentic British food/cuisine?

Americans refer to university as college. But UK, college is not university. college is the little bit in between high school and university. They have a wide range of topics they can choose from. Students can focus as much time as they want onto each of those subjects.

refer ﾘ フｧｰｧ　v)物事の帰属を当てはめる、であると考える･見なす

as much  量【連帯名詞と考える】 as much time as they want to

focus v)集中する　focus on    n)焦点

onto  上に向かって動いているイメージ

日本の専門学校について

Students can focus as much time as they want onto one subject after graduating from high school.

 

How do British people spend their time at the weekend?

Sunday Roast　日曜日の昼食･夕飯

Car boot Sales フリーマーケット＝flea market     flea ﾌリ- n)蚤

at the weekend=on the weekend

either　イ-ｻﾞｧ　アｲｻﾞｧ  接）eigher A or B 　AかB

Saturday is a holiday except for if you work in retail because then obviously you have to work in the shops or if you work in the restaurants or whatever because that's the busiest time. I think Saturdays are mostly the same as the way that Japanese people spend their Saturdays.

We often hang out with friends, might go to the pub, grab a few beers, maybe have something to eat some nice lunch or something. but a lot of people they work during the week , Monday to Friday, they use Friday nights as their party time. 

Friday night everybody goes out drinking, so quite often Saturday is used as a recovery day for some people I think. recovering from a hangover. so take it easy on Saturday usually, and obviously in England football is a big sports it's the most popular sport for a lot of people and Friday Saturday Sunday is when most of the games happen so a lot of people will watch football on Saturday, either at home with their friends or maybe in the pub, because bub is that kind of crowd atmosphere, right? without actually having to go to the game they can just enjoy it at the pub,

aside from that just shopping, Saturday is used for shopping, if you want to go and buy some new clothes or some new items or just your weekly shop you know your groceries and that kind of things a lot of people do that on Saturdays I think.

Sunday, very different for a lot of people, often it's used for housework which guess is the same in Japan right?, doing your laundry and cleaning and that types of thing, , Sunday is usually used again for relaxing but also to visit family members, for religious people obviously they go to church that's very common, but for those who aren't religious they often use it just to see their family members so often when I was back in England I would go and see my dad for a few hours you know see how he's doing catch up on the latest news and then go home, almost every Sunday. but that's the time i think we've  talked about it before when we did the british foods episode and we talked about the sunday roasts, so the origin of the sunday roast was that you would put the food in before you went to church and then by the time you came back it would be ready, that tradition still remains today and people when they go and see their family and loved ones they will often prepare sunday roasts for the whole family and then everbody will sit at the table and have the sunday roast, that's one of the things i really miss about england, Why? why just that atmosphere you know the smell of the food and like being in the company of your friends and family and sharing it, that's like i dont get homesick I've been here for over five years and i dont get homesick but those moments that's when i get homesick i think when i think about sunday roasts.

Bar アルコールのみ

pub アルコール＋フード　British Pub

Japanese style pub 居酒屋

break it down すべてを吐き出す･説明する

Can you spell it?

company 仲間