消毒する

clean

You have/need to clean your cut/wound

傷口 :  cut/wound

wound　/wuːnd/　n)傷　

disinfect   /,dɪsɪn'fekt/　v)消毒する

どうやって行く

how to get there

How do I get to the place?

I'm not sure how to get there due to the bad weather.

プールの水

pool water

仕切りなおす

reset and try again

I will reset my mind and try again to go for a swim.

水/お湯がはいっているプール/浴槽

swimming pool that has water in it

See you at the swimming pool that has water in it.

bathtub has hot water in it

通知

notification　/,nəƱtɪfɪkeɪʃn/　n)通知

we can get the notification on FB later formally.

～に刺された

stung

I was/got stung by a jellyfish

sting-stung-stung

jellyfish

bitten

I was/got bitten by a mosquito.

I got a mosquito bite.

bit by a mosquito

bite-bit-bitten

I might have been bitten by ....

あずかる

keep

I'll keep your luggage.

残りわずか

only a few left

There are only a few tickets left.

There are only a few available seats/spots left.

横断幕

banner   /'bænər/　n)旗、垂れ幕

cheering banner

support banner

team banner

safety banner

traffic safety banner

Carbs are the primary fuel for sustained effort, no matter what size body you inhabit.

carb　n)炭水化物

carbohydrate

primary   adj)主要な

fuel　/'fjuːəl/ 　n)燃料、エネルギー

sustain　

sustained   adj)持続した、長く続く、一貫した

effort　n)努力、取り組み、頑張り

rattle

/'rætl/　v)ガタガタ音をたてる・振動する

Do you feel that? The car's been rattling a bit since we left campus.

rattle a bit   少しガタガタする

a decent run

Hoping to get a decent run in before it warmed up.

(= I was hoping to get a decent run in before it warmed up.)

Base 400s Swim Workout for Recovery from Weekend Bricks

This 30 to 60-minute workout is designed to build your aerobic base

Weekend brick workouts are essential, yet they can still make Mondays feel sluggish. This swim workout is the perfect active recovery tool.

Warm-up

・200 swim-scull-swim-kick

・4x50 as 25 fast, 25 easy on 15 seconds rest

・4x50 descend 1-4（the first is the slowest; get a little faster with each one) on 10 seconds rest

aerobic

descend   /dɪ'send/　v)上から下へ向かう、大きいものから小さいものへ並べる

descent　n)下降、血統

summer miles

I keep telling myself that these summer miles bring strong runs in the fall.

I keep telling myself   自分に言い聞かせる

summer miles   夏のランニング

Solar Power and Renewable Energy

Solar power and renewable energy have become increasingly important in our world today. Solar power harnesses the energy from the sun to generate electricity, making it a clean and sustainable source of energy. It is exciting to see more and more solar panels being installed on rooftops and in large solar farms.

Renewable energy, including solar power, plays a significant role in reducing our dependence on fossil fuels and combating climate change. By utilizing solar power, we can decrease harmful greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to a healthier environment for the future generations.

As technology continues to advance, solar power is becoming more accessible and cost-effective for individuals and businesses alike. It is inspiring to witness the growth of the renewable energy sector and the positive impact it is having on our planet.

renewable

increasingly   /ɪn'kriːsɪŋli/　adv)ますます、いっそう

harness   /'hɑːrnɪs/　n)(安全ベルト)ハーネス、v)(力・感情などを)利用する

generate　v)生み出す、発生させる

dependence　/dɪ'pendəns/　n)依存、依存症

combat　/'kɑːmbæt/　v)

combating（望ましくないもの、病気・犯罪・差別等と）戦うこと

alike　/ə'laɪk/　adv)同じように

witness　v)目撃する、目のあたりにする、直面する、立ち会う、証言する

sector　/'sektər/　n)～分野・～部門

positive impact   好影響

Asian countries turn to solar as fuel prices rise

Asian countries turn to solar as fuel prices rise

Rising fuel prices linked to the Iran war are pushing more people in Asia to buy rooftop solar systems. In the Philippines, where the country faces a national energy emergency, a survey of 20 solar companies showed a 70% rise in weekly installations after the conflict began. Customer inquiries also increased six times. Brenda Valerio of New Energy Nexus said many families now want solar power quickly because they hope to lower electricity costs and avoid future price increases.

turn to   ～に向かう・頼る

fuel   /'fjuːəl/

installation　/,ɪnstə'leɪʃn/　n)設置・取り付け

conflict   /'kɑːnflɪkt/　n)対立・衝突・紛争

inquiry   /ɪn'kwaɪəri/　n)問い合わせ・質問

every day / everyday

every day　副詞句）毎日【頻度】　　　※every   毎・～ごと

everyday　形容詞）日常/普通の

I go for a run every day to stay fit it.

I enjoy everyday routine of morning run.

～に時間を充てる

dedicate   /'dedɪkeɪt/　v)ささげる、専念する

dedicate A to B   AをBに充てる

I dedicate 2 hours every day to exercising.

look out ・look out for

look out ...   気をつける・用心する

look out for ...　気を配る ≒ look after

Neighbors look out for each other.   近所の人々は互いに気にかけるものです

トレーニングが効く

work   効いている

The training yesterday seems to be working. My body is really tired.

The new routine seems to be working for me.

pay off　報われる

My training seems to be paying off.

All that training seems to have paid off.

(形容詞)

effective　効いている

This workout seems to be effective.

I don't wake up naturally. My body clock has been off ever since traveling Italy. 

検討している

【ビジネス】

consider

review

look into

I'm looking into this event.

(曖昧) We'll look into it.

【カジュアル】

think

decide

Eating a large size of Jiro style ramen so I believe that I'm getting back to normal from traveling. The long flight, crossing time zones and also eating bread, ham and eggs makes me tired. I've never craved Asian food this much before.

支払い完了

complete/make the payment

I've complete the payment for the T-shirt. 

ほどほどに

in moderation

Do it in moderation.

Do everything in moderation.

Everything in moderation.

moderation

Do not work too hard.

propensity

ある行動や状態に向かう生まれつきの傾向・性向を表すフォーマルな名詞で、しばしば「悪いほうへの傾向」という含みがあります。日常的には「tendency」などに言い換えられます。

Acting like weight loss or

check it over

Maybe you should take it back to Garage Hiroto and have them check it over.

Please check it over before you sign.

I'll check it over and get back to you.   こちらで確認して、折り返し連絡します。

Have a mechanic check it over before you buy the car.

check it over for mistake   間違いがないか確認する

have someone check it over   誰かに点検してもらう

check the document over

Let me check it over.

check it   軽く確認する

check it out   試してみる、見に行く、調べてみる

check it over   一通りしっかり確認する・よく調べる・点検する・精査する

人目が気になる・恥ずかしい

self-conscious

I feel so self-conscious there.

他人が自分をどう見ているかを考える性向

A propensity to care too much about what others' think.

A propensity to be self-conscious.

propensity　/prə'pensəti/　n)

★ a natural desire or need that makes you tend to behave in a particular way

元気がでる

feel energized

You might feel more energized.

energize   /'enərdʒaɪz/　v)

だるい

sluggish  /'slʌgɪʃ/　adj)

★ moving, reacting or working more slowly than normal

I still feel sluggish during the day.

sluggish response   鈍い反応

There's always a sluggish response.

The response times can be a bit sluggish every so often.

a sluggish government response

顧客との打ち合わせ

client meeting

I was late to a client meeting yesterday.

遅れることを想定する

expect delays

You must expect delays.   (電車・渋滞等)で遅れることを想定する

 

重要なテーマ

important theme

Kindness is a very important theme when communicating with others.

theme   /θiːm/

Immune-boosting

To boost your immune system

helping strengthen the body's ability to fight illness

strengthen   /'streŋkθn/　v)強化する

Your body's ability to fight a sickness. For example, When I was pregnant, I had a lower immune system. This is common for everyone who is pregnant. Your body is creating a baby, so your ability to fight illness is lower. You're more likely to ger sick while you're pregnant because your immune system is not as strong. So usually you need to boost your immune system by taking extra vitamins, making sure that you're staying healthy all of those things. Let's see how I use this in the conversation. I was talking about Brazil nuts and how they're really healthy for you and I said selenium is one of the best immune-boosting minerals. If you look up some natural minerals that you can add to your diet to help your ability to fight illness increase, well, selenium is one of them. So, I said, Brazil nuts include this immune-boosting mineral. It's really important to include something like that in your diet. So, I want to know for you, do you do anything to boost your immune system? Let me know in the comments. Do you go for a run? Do you exercise? Do you drink lemon water? Do you eat Brazil nuts? What is one of your tricks to help your body fight illness? Often times we think about this during the winter when we're more likely to get sick. So, share your tips and tricks. Let us know in the comments, even if you're not sure if they are scientifically verified, it's always interesting to see what other people do right? All right, let's watch that original clip and listen for immune- boosting. Let's watch. 

Selenium is one of the most important immune-boosting minerals, and Brazil nuts have it a lot.

pregnant　/'pregnənt/　adj)

selenium　/sə'liːniəm/　n)必須微量ミネラル

mineral　/'mɪnərəl/　n)ミネラル=鉱物、無機質　必要な無機成分≒カルシウム等

in your diet   あなたの食生活の中で

often times   しばしば

scientifically

verified　adj)確認済、証明された　　verfuy /'verfaɪ/ v)確認する、検証する

clip   n)留め具、クリップ、映像の一部

Harder than it looks/seems

more difficult than it appears at first

Brazil nuts are really hard to open. It's harder than it looks!

It's very labor-intensive. 

labor   /'leɪbər/　n)労力、労働

intensive　/ɪn'tensɪv/　adj)集中的な

Learning to speak English is harder than it seems.

体を休める

rest my body

rest my mind and body

家事

chores

do some chores at home

I have a day doing chores at home.

catch up on

catch up on things at home

chore day

It's my stay-at- home chore day.

household chores

a house work day

Plastic Pollurion

Plastic pollution is a significant environmental issue that affects our planet. Plastic waste, such as bottles, bags, and straws, ends up in our oceans and landfills, harming wildlife and ecosystems. It is essential for us to reduce the use of single-use plastics and recycle responsibly to help combat this problem. By raising awareness and taking action, we can make a positive impact on our environment and future generations.

landfill   /'lændfɪl/　n)埋立地、ごみ処理場

Sisig

Pork Sisig  スィスィグ

Filipino dish made from pork jowl and ears, pork belly, and chicken liver, which is usually seasoned with calamansi, onions, and chili peppers. It originates from the Pampanga region in Luzon.

jowl　/dʒaƱl/　ジャオ　n)あご

liver　/'lɪvər/　リヴァー　n)肝臓、レバー

seasoned　/'siː znd/   adj)味付けされた

calamansi   ＝Philippine lime

originate   /ə'rɪdʒɪneɪt/　v)由来する

Pampanga   パンパンガ州

massage parlor

massage place

I was going to the massage place but it rained. 

近い・近くで・近場で

場所的/抽象的な近さ

near us　我々の近くで

near here   この近くで

He lives near us.   彼は我々の近くに住んでいる

Is there a park near us?

near to victory　勝利に近い

near to completion   仕上がりに近い

場所的/心理的な近さ

close to us

going to trailrun close to us this weekend 

心理的な近さ

near to

I feel near to my family.   家族と親しいと感じている

週末

I'm just seeing where the weekend takes me.

Traditional jobs in a country

Can you tell me about some traditional jobs that are common in your country?

ーSure. In my country, some traditional jobs include farming, fishing, and craftsmanship like pottery and weaving.

That's interesting. How are these traditional jobs important to the culture and economy of your country?

ーThese traditional jobs play a vital role in preserving our cultural heritage and help sustain the local economy by providing essential goods and services.

How do you think these traditional jobs have evolved over time, considering technological advancements and changing societal needs?

ーWith technological advancements traditional jobs have adapted to modern tools and techniques while still maintaining their authentic practices. They continue to be relevant in today's society.

craftsmanship　n)職人魂やその姿勢

pottery　n)焼き物、陶器

weaving　n)織ること・編むこと

vital　adj)非常に重要な、不可欠な、生命の維持に関わるほど重要な

　→医療】バイタルサイン(生命兆候)

sustain　v)持続させる、支える

relevant　adj)関連する、関係がある

Fishing and Overfishing

Can you share your thoughts on this issue?

ーOf course. Fishing is a popular activity  worldwide, but overfishing has become a major concern. It not only depletes fish populations but also disrupts the marine ecosystem.

How do you think overfishing can be controlled or prevented?

ーImplementing strict regulations on fishing quotas and enforcing sustainable fishing practices are essential. Collaborating with local communities and fishermen to promote responsible fishing is also crucial.

That's a great point. How do you think individuals can contribute to addressing this issue?

ーIndividuals can choose to consume sustainably sourced seafood, support fisheries that prioritize responsible practices, and raise awareness about the importance of protecting our oceans and marine life. 

deplete   /dɪ'pliːt/　v)使い果たす、激減させる

disrupt　/dɪs'rʌpt/　v)混乱させる、崩壊させる

Diversifying Business

Can you explain what diversifying business means to you?

ーDiversifying business involves expanding product or service offerings to reach new markets.

How important is diversification for a business's growth and sustainability?

ーDiversification is crucial for adapting to changing market conditions and reducing risk.

Cloud you provide an example of successful business diversification that you are familiar with?

ーSure, Apple diversifying into services like Apple TV to complement their hardware products.

How can a business determine the right strategies for diversification?

ーA business should conduct market research, assess their research, assess their capabilities, and align diversification with their overall goals.

Partnerships among Countries

Partnerships among countries are crucial for global cooperation and development. Countries often form alliances to address common challenges such as climate change, poverty, and security issues.

These partnerships can involve economic cooperation, sharing of knowledge and resources, and supporting each other in times of need.

By working together, countries can achieve greater progress and make a positive impact on the world stage.

cooperation　/,kɔːrpə'reɪʃn/　n)協力

alliance　/ə'laɪəns/　n)同盟、提携

poverty　/'pɑːvərti/　n)貧困、貧しさ

resource   /rɪ'sɔːrs/　n)資源、資産

Reducing waste

Reducing waste is essential for preserving the environment. 

There are several strategies individuals can implement to minimize waste production.

For example, recycling paper, plastic, and glass can significantly reduce the amount of waste that ends up in landfills.

Composting organic matter like fruit and vegetable peels is another effective way to reduce waste. 

Additionally, opting for reusable items such as water bottles and shopping bags can help cut down on single-use plastics.

Overall, by making conscious choices to reduce waste in our daily lives, we can contribute to a cleaner and healthier planet. 

kinds of neighbors

Tell me about the different kinds of neighbors you have experienced.

ーWell, I have had various types of neighbors. Some are very friendly and always willing to lend a helping hand. They are the kind who you can rely on for anything, from watching your house when you're away to borrowing a cup of sugar.

How about the not-so-friendly neighbors?

ーYes, there are also neighbors who keep to themselves and prefer not to interact much. They are polite but distant, and it can sometimes be challenging to build a relationship with them. 

Have you encountered any noisy neighbors?

ーYes, unfortunately, I have had noisy neighbors in the past. They would have late-night parties or play loud music, which could be disruptive. It's important to communicate respectfully with them to address any issues that arise.

Thank you for sharing your experiences with different kinds of neighbors.

Consumer Awareness and Advocacy

Claims and Lawsuits against Brands and Products

This is a topic that has gained significant attention in recent years due to the rise of consumer awareness and advocacy.

awareness　/ə'wernəs/　n)意識、認識、自覚、気づき

advocacy   /'ædvəkəsi/　n)擁護

portion

 /'pɔːrʃn/　noun

1 ★ one part of something larger

・Only a small portion of the budget is spent on books.

2 ★ an amount of food that is large enough for one person

・She cut the cake into six small portions.

・This particular type of fish has less than 200 calories per portion.

3 ★ a part of something that is shared with other people

・You must accept a portion of the blame for this crisis.

How large  is this portion?   （メニューをみて）これはどのくらいの量ですか？

I prefer large portions.

寝起きがきつい

I can check my physical condition in the morning.

After training hard, my body feels too heavy to wake up in the morning.

fragile

/'frædʒl/　adjective

★ easily broken or damaged

As for me, 80% is optimistic but 20% is fragile.

interact   /,ɪntər'ækt/　verb

★ interact (with somebody)     to communicate with somebody

I don't have many opportunities to interact with young people.

 

Comforting others

How do you typically comfort others when they are feeling upset or down?

—When someone is feeling upset, I try to listen to them without judgment and offer a shoulder to lean on.

L6-3-1

typically   adv)一般的に、通常は

a shoulder to lean on   愚痴を聞いてくれる人、頼りになる人

lean　/liːn/　v)傾く、もたれる　

lean on　頼る

You sound so close.

It sounds like you are here with me.

Approve of Trumps war in Iran

Good. please ask him if he is aware that Americans who approve of Trumps war in Iran is 27%. 29% undecided and 43% against. And that he is risking the closure of the Hormuz Strait that will severely impact both European and Asian allied nations. But to be fair, the biggest importer of Iranian oil is China.

ーTakaichi says she will hold 'candid talks' on Iran at summit with Trump

deepen

It will only deepen their pockets.

－The city is planning to introduce a system that uses IC transportation cards linked to My Number national identification cards to distinguish local residents from visitors.

deepen　/'diːpən/　verb

English conversation exercises and also physical ones are my favorite.

restful

I had a restful sleep/nap.

light/deep/restful sleep

/'restfl/  adj)                   restful =relaxed

I'm (so) well rested.

I had such a good sleep.

glutton for punishment

罰の大食い

→罰せられるのが好きな人

⇒つらい仕事をいくらでもやる人

（多くの一つは皮肉的なユーモアの意味で相手に伝える）

オバマ政権の報道官が記者から厳しいと思われる質問を受ける前に

”I'm a glutton for pernishment"と言って先制攻撃をしていた。

7d-02 どの選択をしたところで何ら違いがない

Do you have any plans this weekend?

I haven't decided yet whether to go running or swimming tomorrow.

7d-01 過去と現在の数量比較

Why do you study English?

English is ... 

There weren't as many English learning method when I was younger.

Do you remember a Portable pronunciation dictionary?

Before the internet became widespread

method   /'meθəd/　noun

★ a particular way of doing something 

cheapskate

★Can you tell me what comes to your mind when you hear the word "cheapskate"?

ーーWhen I think of a cheapskate, I imagine someone who is very reluctant to spend money, even on basic things. 

★How do you feel about people who are labeled as cheapskates?

ーーI think being mindful of spending is important, but it's also essential to find a balance and not compromise on things that are necessary for a decent quality of life.

★Have you ever been in a situation where you had to be frugal or act like a cheapskate?

ーーYes, there have been times where I needed to be frugal, especially during challenging financial situations. However, I always try to prioritize essential needs over unnecessary expenses.

★That's understandable. How do you think being frugal or thrifty can benefit individuals or society as a whole?

ーーBeing frugal can help individuals save money for future goals or emergencies, and on a larger scale, it can promote responsible consumption and reduce wasteful spending, which is beneficial for the environment and the economy.

★Thank you for sharing your thoughts on the topic of "cheapskate".

mindful   adj) [思慮深く] 注意を払う、意識している、気を配っている

reluctant

compromise

frugal   /'fruːgl/　adj)質素な、倹約的な、（ケチとは異なる）　　・a frugal life

over     ～を通して

expense   /ɪk'spens/　n)支出、費用、経費、損失

thrifty   /'θrɪfti/　adj)倹約的で無駄がない、経済的に利益を最大化する

stingy　/'stɪndʒi/　adj)ケチ、出し惜しみをする　

as a whole   全体として　　　

disapproving

批判的な意見や不快感を表す

disapproving look   不満げな表情

disapproving tone   非難がましい口調

cheapskate

/'tʃiːpskeɪt/　n)お金を使うことを極端に嫌がるケチな人を指す言葉 (informal, disapproving)

（軽蔑的な意味合いで使われるが、時に軽いからかいの意図で使われることもある）

～を意識している・～に気を配っている

mindful of ...

I think being mindful of spending is important.

お金を使うことに注意を払うことは大切だと思う

mindful   adj)何かを意識したり、注意を払ったりする状況で使われる

飲み会

go out for drinks

I'm going out for drinks.

I can't complain

思い入れのある・愛着のある

have attachment to

思い入れのある国

Thailand is a country I have attachment to.

I feel a strong attachment to Mt Kilimanjaro even  just a 7-day trekking.

super excited

I'm so super excited to be here again after nine years.

昼寝

A 30-minute nap improves concentration.

30分の昼寝は集中力を高める

 

朝日

Exposure to morning sunlight resets your body clock.

朝日を浴びると体内時計が整う

exposure   /ɪk'spəƱʒər/　n)さらすこと、露出、さらされていること

納豆

Natto at night improves blood circulation.

納豆は夜に食べると血液サラサラ効果が高い

好き

have a thing for ...

likeより度合いが高い

I have a thing for cake.   ケーキには目がない

curate

The book store curates a selection of classic literature.

The museum's exhibit was curated by a famous art historian.

Virtual reality helps elderly people connect to others

In a retirement community called The Terraces in Los Gatos, California, older residents are finding new ways to explore the world. A caregiver helps residents put on virtual reality (VR) headsets, allowing them to visit faraway places without leaving their chairs. Many residents are in their 80s and 90s and cannot travel anymore, but the technology gives them new experiences.

During VR sessions, residents don the headsets and experience swimming with dolphins, flying over mountains, or visiting cities in Europe. The programs are carefully curated /'kjƱreɪt/  by a company called Rendever. The company says the technology acts as a catalyst /'kætəlɪst/  for better memory and social connection. Some residents even visit their childhood neighborhoods, which brings back strong memories and emotions.

たとえ大統領だとしても...

even if someone is a president, ....

親近感がある

feel close to ...

feel a sense of familiarity with ...

feel an affinity with ...

a comfort zone

精神的に居心地のいい空間、自分の殻

誰にも邪魔されない

I love to be in a bathroom. It's the place without anyone bothering me.

What is your comfort zone?

faraway・far away

faraway   /'fɑːrəweɪ/　adj)遠い、遠方の

faraway mountains

the faraway future

far away   (副詞句)はるか遠くに

My girlfriend went to China, so we're really for away from one another now.

one another   お互いに (= each other)

allow

/ə'laƱ/　v)可能にする、許す

buzz

 /bʌs/　n)熱狂、興奮

I got a real buzz.  (=excitement)

I get a real buzz out of teaching and helping kids achieve their goals.

There is a real buzz around this tournament and a sense of anticipation for everyone involved.

The president's visit created quite a buzz in the town.

buzz は元々ミツバチの音を表す擬音語

ミツバチが集まるように多くの人が1つの話題などについて一斉に騒いだりすること

There was quite a buzz about the celebrity after her scandal.

(あの芸能人のスキャンダルは一時的にバズった）

～に来たきっかけは何ですか？

What brought you to ... 

What brought you to Japan?

What brought you to this school?

～してみたい

want to experience

I really want to experience Brazil's carnival

ブラジルのカーニバルなので Brazil's carnival

(Brazilian carnival  ブラジル人のカーニバルに聞こえる）

寒い

freddo

今日はとても寒いです

Fa molto freddo oggi   ﾌｧ ﾓﾙﾄ ﾌﾚｯﾄﾞ ｵｯｼﾞ

WEDDING

wedding location

overseas

flowers

rose　/rəƱz/　バラ(薔薇)

peony    /'piːəni/　ボタン(牡丹)

bridal store

bridal   /'braɪdl/　adj)婚礼の

the music 

live band/pre-recorded     

decide the genre

genre    /'ʒɑːnrə/　n)ジャンル、種類、様式

groom 新郎　新郎の付き添い→best man

bride 新婦　新婦の付き添い→bridesmaid   新婦の付き添いの少年→page, pageboy

I'm nervous

Sono nervoso.　ﾈﾙｳﾞｫｰｿﾞ

美術館

チケット売り場

いくらですか？

クレジットカード

現金

入口はどこですか？

Dov'è l'entrata ｴﾝﾃﾗｰﾀ

トイレはどこですか？

Dov'è Il bagno? ﾊﾞｰﾆｮ

first lesson

prima lezione   ﾌﾟﾘｰﾏ ﾚｯﾂｨｵｰﾈ

This is the first lesson.　Questa é la prima lezione.

経歴が～年に及ぶ

spans

Your career spans over half a century.

そういうふうに言われると

when you put it like that

そういうふうに言われると現実味がありませんね（現実とは思えない、信じられない）

It feels unreal when you put it like that.

普通な

the most average

I'm the most average of all.

I'm just the most average one.

～に多くの努力を注ぐ、取り組む

put a lot of hard work into ...

We put a lot of hard work into making  it.

hard work 努力

貴方くらいの年齢の方から

from someone your age

I've been a huge fan of yours for years.

Thank you, Jake. It's nice to hear that from someone your age.

最も感動的な映画

is the most moving/touching film

どっちにしても何ら変わらない

Whether + or

Whether we have three tiers or four, we still need to decide on the filling.

whether   /'weðər/　conjunction

1  ～かどうか、～か又は～

 ★ used to express a doubt or choice between two possibilities

・He seemed undecided whether to go or stay.

・It remains to be seen whether or not this idea can be put into practice.

・I asked him whether he had done it all himself or whether someone had helped him.

・I'll see whether she's at home (= or not at home).

・It's doubtful whether there'll be any seats left.

2  ～であろうとなかろうと、いずれにしても

★ used to show that something is true in either of two cases

・You are entitled to a free gift whether you accept our offer of insurance or not.

・I'm going whether you like it or not.

・Whether or not we're successful, we can be sure that we did our best.

過去と現在の数量を比較

lesser amount in the past

There wasn't/weren't as much/many .....(when I was young).

There wasn't as much pressure to fit in.

There weren't as many career paths for women.

similar amount in the past

There was just as much as crime (when I was young).

There were just as many terrible TV shows.

There weren't as many leisure time and activities when I was young.

leisure   /'liːʒər/　Am: ﾘｰ(ﾚｲ)ｼﾞｬｰ　/'leʒə(r)/　Br: ﾚｼﾞｬｰ

★ time when you are not working or studying; free time

・These days we have more money and more leisure to enjoy it.

・Make the most of your leisure time!

★ activities that you enjoy in your free time

・These days we have increased opportunities for leisure.

・leisure activities/pursuits

・the leisure industry (= the business of providing leisure activities)

fit in

物や人が特定の場所、集団、時間枠などにうまく収まること

・人や物が「馴染む・調和する」

I'm having trouble fitting in. (溶け込むのに苦労している）

have trouble ...ing  ～するのに苦労する、なかなか～が出来ない　

　 一時的→I'm having trouble getting to sleep.   

　普段から→I have trouble getting to sleep.

　過去のこと→I had trouble getting to sleep last night.

・物理的にぴったり合う

・時間をやりくりして予定に入れる

Scusi; Mi puo fare Una foto?

ミ　プゥオー  ファーレ　

Midlife Crisis

◎時間は限られているという認識も高まります

There's increased awareness that time is limited.

increased awareness   意識の向上

awareness   /ə'wernəs/　n)自覚、認識、意識

◎自分のライフスタイルをグレードアップさせたいだけ

I just want to upgrade my lifestyle.

upgrade   /'ʌpgreɪd/　verb　品質・性能の向上　格上げ・昇格

◎そんなわけで私は厳しい運動プログラムを実行しているのです

That's why I follow a strict exercise program.

follow   /'fɑːləƱ/　v)[規則や指示に］従う、～の後に続く、～を追う

strict　/strɪkt/　adj)厳しい

◎ご存じのように、運動は健康を維持し/たり活動的で自立した生活を送るために必要な体調のレベルを維持したりするのに役立ちます

As you know, exercise helps people stay healthy and maintain the level of fitness you need to follow an active, independent life.

fitness   /'fɪtnəs/　noun

★ the state of being physically healthy and strong

active   /'æktɪv/　adjective

★ always busy doing things, especially physical activities

independent   /,ɪndɪ'pendənt/　adjective

overstatement, understatement

overstatement   /'əƱvərsteɪtmənt/　noun   誇張して言うこと

Saying all Japanese love sushi would be an overstatement.

It's an overstatement to say all Japanese love sushi.

It's an overstatement to say it's popular.

understatement   /’ʌndərsteɪtmənt/   noun   控えめに言うこと

It's an understatement to say the audience's response was good.

The audience's response was good, to say the least.

kind of

I kind of got stressed out driving to work today.

sober curious

A growing number of people are looking for alternatives to alcohol, and I'm one too. I want to stay social and want a more balanced lifestyle. The sober curious movement has started among younger people, and I think it will spread across generations.

I drink only moderately. A glass or two of beer or wine is probably enough for me. I can feel drunk just enjoying good food and conversation. Experts say more than forty percent of Japanese people lack the enzyme that breaks down alcohol in the liver. This is apparently specific to the Mongoloid race.

a growing number of ...   ～の数が増えている

alternative to ...　/ɔːl'tɜːrnətɪv/　n)～に代わるもの、代替品、代替案、選択肢

stay social   社交的な生活を続ける

balanced lifestyle   バランスのとれた生活様式

spread across generations   世代を超えて広がる

sober curious　お酒を控えたり飲まないことに関心のある運動・ライフスタイル

curious   /'kjƱriəs/

moderately   /'mɑːdərətli/　adverb  適度に、ほどほどに

A glass or two　1～2杯

feel drunk　酔った気分になる

enzyme　/'enzaɪm/　noun  酵素

break down alcohol   アルコールを分解する

in the liver   /'lɪvər/　肝臓で　　the -  一般論として肝臓全般を指す

apparently   /ə'pærəntli/　adverb　見たところ、どうやら

specific to ...　～に特有の

Mongoloid race   モンゴロイド系（古典的な人種分類用語） East Asian ancestry

sober   /'səƱbər/   adjective   酔っていない、真面目な

★ not drunk (= not affected by alcohol)  [not usually before noun]

・I stayed sober so I could drive us home

・He was as sober as a judge (=completely sober)

★ having completely stopped drinking alcohol, especially after being an alcoholic (=somebody who regularly drinks too much alcohol and cannot stop)

・to ger/stay sober

基本的な使い方

She decided to live a sober life free from alcohol.

After a night of drinking, he woke up sober the next morning.

verb（酔いをさます）

He needed some fresh air to sober up after the party.

verb（現実的になる）

After hearing the results, she had to sober her expectations about the project.

結果を聞いた後、彼女はプロジェクトに対する期待を現実的に見直さざるを得なかった

adjective（精神的に正気である）

After a night of partying, I finally felt sober enough to drive home.

adjective（落ち着いていて厳かな様子）

Her sober demeanor at the meeting impressed everyone.

会議での彼女の落ち着いた態度はみんなに感銘を与えた

adjective（色あせた、地味な）

She wore a sober dress to the formal event.

adjective（陽気さがない、真面目な）

His sober approach to the project earned him respect from his colleagues.

 

Have a nice day

Buona giornata   =have a nice day

Buona serata   =have a nice evening

Hello, Goodbye

Salve (formal)  =Hello [at any time of day]

店舗、レストランに入るとき ”SALVE”  or ”CIAO” と挨拶する

Arrivederci   =Goodbye

店舗、レストランを出るとき ”ARRIVEDERCI”  or ”CIAO” と挨拶する

just as exciting as ...

... is just as exciting as ...

The movie was just as exciting as the book.

映画は本と同じくらいおもしろい

picky

Let's not be picky about food, yeah. 

Food is food. (文句言うなというニュアンス)

let's not ...   ～しないでおこう

living overseas

Living overseas is a lot of fun, right?

Yeah, for sure. You discover so many things about yourself, your own culture and other cultures.

Yeah, it's always great to get a new perspective on things.

overseas   /,əƱvər'siːz/　adjective   海外へ

perspective   /pər'spektɪv/　noun   視点、見方、観点

on things   何かに対する、物事に対する

助成金・補助金

subsidy   /'sʌbsədi/　noun        (government) subsidy    (plural subsidies)

★ money that is paid by a government or an organization to reduce the costs of services or of producing goods so that their prices can be kept low

・agricultural subsidies

・to reduce the level of subsidy

◎政府→企業・個人　助成、補助

grant   /grænt/　n)給付金　(government) grant　　  v)承諾する、認める、

◎政府・団体→教育・公共事業　給付

The local government offers subsidies for funeral expenses/costs.

葬祭費用　funeral expenses/costs

funeral   /'fjuːnərəl/　noun

★ a ceremony, often a religious one, for burying or cremating(= burning) a dead person

・Hundreds of people attended the funeral

・a funeral procession

・a funeral march (= a sad piece of music suitable for funerals)

   

impress

in-中に  premere押す  内側に押し付ける　人の心に強く残る

She looks hard to impress.

※amazeは驚きや感動を与える

※impressは他者に強い印象を与える。感情的な驚きよりも評価や意見の形成に重点がおかれる

I'm very impressed with your progress.

She's hard to impress. 

人を主語にして「どんな人か」　彼女は感動させにくい

It's hard to impress her. 

形式主語を使い「やることの難易度」を述べる　彼女を感動させるのは難しい 

impossible to impress

easy to impress

difficult to impress

tough to impress

He's not easily impressed.　簡単には感動しない

Nothing impresses him.   何をしても感動しない

共通の趣味

similar things

I'm so happy you two are interested in similar things.

Mi piace la pizza !

piacere　ﾋﾟｱチェ-ﾚ　v)～を好む

piace ピアチェ

あなたはピザが好きですか？

Le piace la pizza?

---Si, mi piace./No, non mi piace. 

住宅ローン

mortgage   /'mɔːrgɪdʒ/　noun (also informal home loan)

★ a legal agreement by which a bank or similar organization lends you money to buy a house, etc., and you pay the money back over a particular number of years; the sum of money that you borrow

・to apply for/take out/pay off a mortgage

・mortgage rates (=of interest)

・He raised the money by taking out a second mortgage on his house.

・a mortgage of ￡60000

・He's been having trouble keeping up with his monthly mortgage repayments.

make + 名詞 + 名詞

The astounding performance made him a star.

これを最優先事項とする

We're going to make it a priority.

About a 20-hours flight to the other side of the world makes me a few days exhausted days.

旅の疲れ

帰国する

I came back home yesterday.

came/get back to Japan

arrived in Japan

have returned to Japan

飛行時間

About a 20-hours flight to the other side of the world makes me a few days exhausted days.

took about 23 hours

時差ぼけ(Jet lag)

to get back on a good sleep schedule