deepen

It will only deepen their pockets.

－The city is planning to introduce a system that uses IC transportation cards linked to My Number national identification cards to distinguish local residents from visitors.

deepen　/'diːpən/　verb

English conversation exercises and also physical ones are my favorite.

restful

I had a restful sleep/nap.

light/deep/restful sleep

/'restfl/  adj)                   restful =relaxed

I'm (so) well rested.

I had such a good sleep.

glutton for punishment

罰の大食い

→罰せられるのが好きな人

⇒つらい仕事をいくらでもやる人

（多くの一つは皮肉的なユーモアの意味で相手に伝える）

オバマ政権の報道官が記者から厳しいと思われる質問を受ける前に

”I'm a glutton for pernishment"と言って先制攻撃をしていた。

7d-02 どの選択をしたところで何ら違いがない

Do you have any plans this weekend?

I haven't decided yet whether to go running or swimming tomorrow.

7d-01 過去と現在の数量比較

Why do you study English?

English is ... 

There weren't as many English learning method when I was younger.

Do you remember a Portable pronunciation dictionary?

Before the internet became widespread

method   /'meθəd/　noun

★ a particular way of doing something 

cheapskate

★Can you tell me what comes to your mind when you hear the word "cheapskate"?

ーーWhen I think of a cheapskate, I imagine someone who is very reluctant to spend money, even on basic things. 

★How do you feel about people who are labeled as cheapskates?

ーーI think being mindful of spending is important, but it's also essential to find a balance and not compromise on things that are necessary for a decent quality of life.

★Have you ever been in a situation where you had to be frugal or act like a cheapskate?

ーーYes, there have been times where I needed to be frugal, especially during challenging financial situations. However, I always try to prioritize essential needs over unnecessary expenses.

★That's understandable. How do you think being frugal or thrifty can benefit individuals or society as a whole?

ーーBeing frugal can help individuals save money for future goals or emergencies, and on a larger scale, it can promote responsible consumption and reduce wasteful spending, which is beneficial for the environment and the economy.

★Thank you for sharing your thoughts on the topic of "cheapskate".

mindful   adj) [思慮深く] 注意を払う、意識している、気を配っている

reluctant

compromise

frugal   /'fruːgl/　adj)質素な、倹約的な、（ケチとは異なる）　　・a frugal life

over     ～を通して

expense   /ɪk'spens/　n)支出、費用、経費、損失

thrifty   /'θrɪfti/　adj)倹約的で無駄がない、経済的に利益を最大化する

stingy　/'stɪndʒi/　adj)ケチ、出し惜しみをする　

as a whole   全体として　　　

disapproving

批判的な意見や不快感を表す

disapproving look   不満げな表情

disapproving tone   非難がましい口調

cheapskate

/'tʃiːpskeɪt/　n)お金を使うことを極端に嫌がるケチな人を指す言葉 (informal, disapproving)

（軽蔑的な意味合いで使われるが、時に軽いからかいの意図で使われることもある）

～を意識している・～に気を配っている

mindful of ...

I think being mindful of spending is important.

お金を使うことに注意を払うことは大切だと思う

mindful   adj)何かを意識したり、注意を払ったりする状況で使われる

飲み会

go out for drinks

I'm going out for drinks.

I can't complain

思い入れのある・愛着のある

have attachment to

思い入れのある国

Thailand is a country I have attachment to.

I feel a strong attachment to Mt Kilimanjaro even  just a 7-day trekking.

super excited

I'm so super excited to be here again after nine years.

昼寝

A 30-minute nap improves concentration.

30分の昼寝は集中力を高める

 

朝日

Exposure to morning sunlight resets your body clock.

朝日を浴びると体内時計が整う

exposure   /ɪk'spəƱʒər/　n)さらすこと、露出、さらされていること

納豆

Natto at night improves blood circulation.

納豆は夜に食べると血液サラサラ効果が高い

好き

have a thing for ...

likeより度合いが高い

I have a thing for cake.   ケーキには目がない

curate

The book store curates a selection of classic literature.

The museum's exhibit was curated by a famous art historian.

Virtual reality helps elderly people connect to others

In a retirement community called The Terraces in Los Gatos, California, older residents are finding new ways to explore the world. A caregiver helps residents put on virtual reality (VR) headsets, allowing them to visit faraway places without leaving their chairs. Many residents are in their 80s and 90s and cannot travel anymore, but the technology gives them new experiences.

During VR sessions, residents don the headsets and experience swimming with dolphins, flying over mountains, or visiting cities in Europe. The programs are carefully curated /'kjƱreɪt/  by a company called Rendever. The company says the technology acts as a catalyst /'kætəlɪst/  for better memory and social connection. Some residents even visit their childhood neighborhoods, which brings back strong memories and emotions.

たとえ大統領だとしても...

even if someone is a president, ....

親近感がある

feel close to ...

feel a sense of familiarity with ...

feel an affinity with ...

a comfort zone

精神的に居心地のいい空間、自分の殻

誰にも邪魔されない

I love to be in a bathroom. It's the place without anyone bothering me.

What is your comfort zone?

faraway・far away

faraway   /'fɑːrəweɪ/　adj)遠い、遠方の

faraway mountains

the faraway future

far away   (副詞句)はるか遠くに

My girlfriend went to China, so we're really for away from one another now.

one another   お互いに (= each other)

allow

/ə'laƱ/　v)可能にする、許す

buzz

 /bʌs/　n)熱狂、興奮

I got a real buzz.  (=excitement)

I get a real buzz out of teaching and helping kids achieve their goals.

There is a real buzz around this tournament and a sense of anticipation for everyone involved.

The president's visit created quite a buzz in the town.

buzz は元々ミツバチの音を表す擬音語

ミツバチが集まるように多くの人が1つの話題などについて一斉に騒いだりすること

There was quite a buzz about the celebrity after her scandal.

(あの芸能人のスキャンダルは一時的にバズった）

～に来たきっかけは何ですか？

What brought you to ... 

What brought you to Japan?

What brought you to this school?

～してみたい

want to experience

I really want to experience Brazil's carnival

ブラジルのカーニバルなので Brazil's carnival

(Brazilian carnival  ブラジル人のカーニバルに聞こえる）

寒い

freddo

今日はとても寒いです

Fa molto freddo oggi   ﾌｧ ﾓﾙﾄ ﾌﾚｯﾄﾞ ｵｯｼﾞ

WEDDING

wedding location

overseas

flowers

rose　/rəƱz/　バラ(薔薇)

peony    /'piːəni/　ボタン(牡丹)

bridal store

bridal   /'braɪdl/　adj)婚礼の

the music 

live band/pre-recorded     

decide the genre

genre    /'ʒɑːnrə/　n)ジャンル、種類、様式

groom 新郎　新郎の付き添い→best man

bride 新婦　新婦の付き添い→bridesmaid   新婦の付き添いの少年→page, pageboy

I'm nervous

Sono nervoso.　ﾈﾙｳﾞｫｰｿﾞ

美術館

チケット売り場

いくらですか？

クレジットカード

現金

入口はどこですか？

Dov'è l'entrata ｴﾝﾃﾗｰﾀ

トイレはどこですか？

Dov'è Il bagno? ﾊﾞｰﾆｮ

first lesson

prima lezione   ﾌﾟﾘｰﾏ ﾚｯﾂｨｵｰﾈ

This is the first lesson.　Questa é la prima lezione.

経歴が～年に及ぶ

spans

Your career spans over half a century.

そういうふうに言われると

when you put it like that

そういうふうに言われると現実味がありませんね（現実とは思えない、信じられない）

It feels unreal when you put it like that.

普通な

the most average

I'm the most average of all.

I'm just the most average one.

～に多くの努力を注ぐ、取り組む

put a lot of hard work into ...

We put a lot of hard work into making  it.

hard work 努力

貴方くらいの年齢の方から

from someone your age

I've been a huge fan of yours for years.

Thank you, Jake. It's nice to hear that from someone your age.

最も感動的な映画

is the most moving/touching film

どっちにしても何ら変わらない

Whether + or

Whether we have three tiers or four, we still need to decide on the filling.

whether   /'weðər/　conjunction

1  ～かどうか、～か又は～

 ★ used to express a doubt or choice between two possibilities

・He seemed undecided whether to go or stay.

・It remains to be seen whether or not this idea can be put into practice.

・I asked him whether he had done it all himself or whether someone had helped him.

・I'll see whether she's at home (= or not at home).

・It's doubtful whether there'll be any seats left.

2  ～であろうとなかろうと、いずれにしても

★ used to show that something is true in either of two cases

・You are entitled to a free gift whether you accept our offer of insurance or not.

・I'm going whether you like it or not.

・Whether or not we're successful, we can be sure that we did our best.

過去と現在の数量を比較

lesser amount in the past

There wasn't/weren't as much/many .....(when I was young).

There wasn't as much pressure to fit in.

There weren't as many career paths for women.

similar amount in the past

There was just as much as crime (when I was young).

There were just as many terrible TV shows.

There weren't as many leisure time and activities when I was young.

leisure   /'liːʒər/　Am: ﾘｰ(ﾚｲ)ｼﾞｬｰ　/'leʒə(r)/　Br: ﾚｼﾞｬｰ

★ time when you are not working or studying; free time

・These days we have more money and more leisure to enjoy it.

・Make the most of your leisure time!

★ activities that you enjoy in your free time

・These days we have increased opportunities for leisure.

・leisure activities/pursuits

・the leisure industry (= the business of providing leisure activities)

fit in

物や人が特定の場所、集団、時間枠などにうまく収まること

・人や物が「馴染む・調和する」

I'm having trouble fitting in. (溶け込むのに苦労している）

have trouble ...ing  ～するのに苦労する、なかなか～が出来ない　

　 一時的→I'm having trouble getting to sleep.   

　普段から→I have trouble getting to sleep.

　過去のこと→I had trouble getting to sleep last night.

・物理的にぴったり合う

・時間をやりくりして予定に入れる

Scusi; Mi puo fare Una foto?

ミ　プゥオー  ファーレ　

Midlife Crisis

◎時間は限られているという認識も高まります

There's increased awareness that time is limited.

increased awareness   意識の向上

awareness   /ə'wernəs/　n)自覚、認識、意識

◎自分のライフスタイルをグレードアップさせたいだけ

I just want to upgrade my lifestyle.

upgrade   /'ʌpgreɪd/　verb　品質・性能の向上　格上げ・昇格

◎そんなわけで私は厳しい運動プログラムを実行しているのです

That's why I follow a strict exercise program.

follow   /'fɑːləƱ/　v)[規則や指示に］従う、～の後に続く、～を追う

strict　/strɪkt/　adj)厳しい

◎ご存じのように、運動は健康を維持し/たり活動的で自立した生活を送るために必要な体調のレベルを維持したりするのに役立ちます

As you know, exercise helps people stay healthy and maintain the level of fitness you need to follow an active, independent life.

fitness   /'fɪtnəs/　noun

★ the state of being physically healthy and strong

active   /'æktɪv/　adjective

★ always busy doing things, especially physical activities

independent   /,ɪndɪ'pendənt/　adjective

overstatement, understatement

overstatement   /'əƱvərsteɪtmənt/　noun   誇張して言うこと

Saying all Japanese love sushi would be an overstatement.

It's an overstatement to say all Japanese love sushi.

It's an overstatement to say it's popular.

understatement   /’ʌndərsteɪtmənt/   noun   控えめに言うこと

It's an understatement to say the audience's response was good.

The audience's response was good, to say the least.

kind of

I kind of got stressed out driving to work today.